From: Subject: Driver Licensing vs. Right to Travel - TLP Date: Wed, 12 May 2010 07:39:26 -0700 MIME-Version: 1.0 Content-Type: multipart/related; type="text/html"; boundary="----=_NextPart_000_0046_01CAF1A6.3F2D9EE0" X-MimeOLE: Produced By Microsoft MimeOLE V6.00.2900.5579 This is a multi-part message in MIME format. ------=_NextPart_000_0046_01CAF1A6.3F2D9EE0 Content-Type: text/html; charset="Windows-1252" Content-Transfer-Encoding: quoted-printable Content-Location: http://www.lawfulpath.com/ref/DLbrief.shtml Driver Licensing vs. Right to Travel - TLP
The Lawful=20 Path    =20 http://www.lawfulpath.com         Narrow = is the=20 Path to the Truth 3D"TLP
Welcome   Reading=20 Room   Catalog   Calendar   Springboard   Contact=20 Us

Driver Licensing vs. Right to Travel

Author Unknown=20

The following argument has been used in at least three states=20 (Pennsylvania, Ohio, and West Virginia) as a legal brief to = support a=20 demand for dismissal of charges of "driving without a = license." It=20 is the argument that was the reason for the charges to be dropped, = or for=20 a "win" in court against the argument that free people can = have=20 their right to travel regulated by their servants.=20

The forgotten legal maxim is that free people have a = right to=20 travel on the roads which are provided by their servants for that = purpose,=20 using ordinary transportation of the day. Licensing cannot be = required of=20 free people, because taking on the restrictions of a license = requires the=20 surrender of a right. The driver's license can be required of = people who=20 use the highways for trade, commerce, or hire; that is, if they = earn their=20 living on the road, and if they use extraordinary machines on the = roads.=20 If you are not using the highways for profit, you cannot be = required to=20 have a driver's license.



BRIEF IN SUPPORT OF NOTICE FOR DISMISSAL FOR = LACK OF=20 JURISDICTION

NOW, comes the Accused, appearing specially and not generally = or=20 voluntarily, but under threat of arrest if he failed to do so, = with this=20 "BRIEF IN SUPPORT OF NOTICE FOR DISMISSAL FOR LACK OF = JURISDICTION,"=20 stating as follows:=20

ARGUMENT

If ever a judge understood the public's right to use the public = roads,=20 it was Justice Tolman of the Supreme Court of the State of = Washington.=20 Justice Tolman stated:=20

"Complete freedom of the highways is so old and well=20 established a blessing that we have forgotten the days of the = Robber=20 Barons and toll roads, and yet, under an act like this, = arbitrarily=20 administered, the highways may be completely monopolized, if, = through=20 lack of interest, the people submit, then they may look to see = the most=20 sacred of their liberties taken from them one by one, by more or = less=20 rapid encroachment."

Robertson vs. Department of Public Works, = 180 Wash=20 133, 147.=20

The words of Justice Tolman ring most prophetically in the ears = of=20 Citizens throughout the country today as the use of the public = roads has=20 been monopolized by the very entity which has been empowered to = stand=20 guard over our freedoms, i.e., that of state government.=20

RIGHTS

The "most sacred of liberties" of which Justice Tolman = spoke=20 was personal liberty. The definition of personal liberty is:=20

"Personal liberty, or the Right to enjoyment of life = and=20 liberty, is one of the fundamental or natural Rights, which has = been=20 protected by its inclusion as a guarantee in the various = constitutions,=20 which is not derived from, or dependent on, the U.S. = Constitution, which=20 may not be submitted to a vote and may not depend on the outcome = of an=20 election. It is one of the most sacred and valuable Rights, as = sacred as=20 the Right to private property ... and is regarded as=20 inalienable."

16 C.J.S., Constitutional Law, Sect.202, = p.987=20

This concept is further amplified by the definition of personal = liberty:=20

"Personal liberty largely consists of the Right of=20 locomotion -- to go where and when one pleases -- only so far = restrained=20 as the Rights of others may make it necessary for the welfare of = all=20 other citizens. The Right of the Citizen to travel upon the = public=20 highways and to transport his property thereon, by horse drawn = carriage,=20 wagon, or automobile, is not a mere privilege which may be = permitted or=20 prohibited at will, but the common Right which he has under his = Right to=20 life, liberty, and the pursuit of happiness. Under this = Constitutional=20 guarantee one may, therefore, under normal conditions, travel at = his=20 inclination along the public highways or in public places, and = while=20 conducting himself in an orderly and decent manner, neither = interfering=20 with nor disturbing another's Rights, he will be protected, not = only in=20 his person, but in his safe conduct."

II Am.Jur. (1st) Constitutional Law, = Sect.329,=20 p.1135=20

and further ...=20

"Personal liberty -- consists of the power of = locomotion, of=20 changing situations, of removing one's person to whatever place = one's=20 inclination may direct, without imprisonment or restraint unless = by due=20 process of law."

Bovier's Law Dictionary, 1914 ed., = Black's Law=20 Dictionary, 5th ed.;
Blackstone's Commentary 134;=20
Hare, Constitution, Pg. 777=20

Justice Tolman was concerned about the State prohibiting the = Citizen=20 from the "most sacred of his liberties," the Right of = movement,=20 the Right of moving one's self from place to place without threat = of=20 imprisonment, the Right to use the public roads in the ordinary = course of=20 life.=20

When the State allows the formation of a corporation it may = control its=20 creation by establishing guidelines (statutes) for its operation=20 (charters). Corporations who use the roads in the course of = business do=20 not use the roads in the ordinary course of life. There is a = difference=20 between a corporation and an individual. The United States Supreme = Court=20 has stated:=20

"...We are of the opinion that there is a clear = distinction=20 in this particular between an individual and a corporation, and = that the=20 latter has no right to refuse to submit its books and papers for = examination on the suit of the State. The individual may stand = upon his=20 Constitutional Rights as a Citizen. He is entitled to carry on = his=20 private business in his own way. His power to contract is = unlimited. He=20 owes no duty to the State or to his neighbors to divulge his = business,=20 or to open his doors to investigation, so far as it may tend to=20 incriminate him. He owes no such duty to the State, since he = receives=20 nothing therefrom, beyond the protection of his life, liberty, = and=20 property. His Rights are such as the law of the land long = antecedent to=20 the organization of the state, and can only be taken from him by = due=20 process of law, and in accordance with the Constitution. Among = his=20 Rights are the refusal to incriminate himself, and the immunity = of=20 himself and his property from arrest or seizure except under = warrant of=20 law. He owes nothing to the public so long as he does not = trespass upon=20 their rights."
"Upon the other hand, the corporation is a creature of = the=20 state. It is presumed to be incorporated for the benefit of the = public.=20 It receives certain special privileges and franchises, and holds = them=20 subject to the laws of the state and the limitations of its = charter. Its=20 rights to act as a corporation are only preserved to it so long = as it=20 obeys the laws of its creation. There is a reserved right in the = legislature to investigate its contracts and find out whether it = has=20 exceeded its powers. It would be a strange anomaly to hold that = the=20 State, having chartered a corporation to make use of certain = franchises,=20 could not in exercise of its sovereignty inquire how those = franchises=20 had been employed, and whether they had been abused, and demand = the=20 production of corporate books and papers for that purpose." =

Hale vs. Hinkel, 201 US 43, 74-75=20

Corporations engaged in mercantile equity fall under the = purview of the=20 State's admiralty jurisdiction, and the public at large must be = protected=20 from their activities, as they (the corporations) are engaged in = business=20 for profit.=20

"...Based upon the fundamental ground that the = sovereign=20 state has the plenary control of the streets and highways in the = exercise of its police power (see police power, infra.), may = absolutely=20 prohibit the use of the streets as a place for the prosecution = of a=20 private business for gain. They all recognize the fundamental=20 distinction between the ordinary Right of the Citizen to use the = streets=20 in the usual way and the use of the streets as a place of = business or a=20 main instrumentality of business for private gain. The former is = a=20 common Right, the latter is an extraordinary use. As to the = former, the=20 legislative power is confined to regulation, as to the latter, = it is=20 plenary and extends even to absolute prohibition. Since the use = of the=20 streets by a common carrier in the prosecution of its business = as such=20 is not a right but a mere license of privilege."

Hadfield vs. Lundin, 98 Wash 516=20

It will be necessary to review early cases and legal authority = in order=20 to reach a lawfully correct theory dealing with this Right or = "privilege."=20 We will attempt to reach a sound conclusion as to what is a "Right = to use=20 the road" and what is a "privilege to use the road". Once reaching = this=20 determination, we shall then apply those positions to modern case=20 decision.=20

"Where rights secured by the Constitution are = involved,=20 there can be no rule making or legislation which would abrogate=20 them."

Miranda vs. Arizona, 384 US 436, 491=20

and ...=20

"The claim and exercise of a constitutional Right = cannot be=20 converted into a crime."

Miller vs. U.S., 230 F. 486, 489=20

and ...=20

"There can be no sanction or penalty imposed upon one=20 because of this exercise of constitutional Rights."

Snerer vs. Cullen, 481 F. 946=20

Streets and highways are established and maintained for the = purpose of=20 travel and transportation by the public. Such travel may be for = business=20 or pleasure.=20

"The use of the highways for the purpose of travel and = transportation is not a mere privilege, but a common and = fundamental=20 Right of which the public and the individual cannot be = rightfully=20 deprived."

Chicago Motor Coach vs. Chicago, 169 NE = 22?1;=20
Ligare vs. Chicago, 28 NE 934;
Boon vs. = Clark, 214=20 SSW 607;
25 Am.Jur. (1st) Highways Sect.163=20

and ...=20

"The Right of the Citizen to travel upon the public = highways=20 and to transport his property thereon, either by horse drawn = carriage or=20 by automobile, is not a mere privilege which a city can prohibit = or=20 permit at will, but a common Right which he has under the right = to life,=20 liberty, and the pursuit of happiness."

Thompson vs. Smith, 154 SE 579=20

So we can see that a Citizen has a Right to travel upon the = public=20 highways by automobile and the Citizen cannot be rightfully = deprived of=20 his Liberty. So where does the misconception that the use of the = public=20 road is always and only a privilege come from?=20

"... For while a Citizen has the Right to travel upon = the=20 public highways and to transport his property thereon, that = Right does=20 not extend to the use of the highways, either in whole or in = part, as a=20 place for private gain. For the latter purpose, no person has a = vested=20 right to use the highways of the state, but is a privilege or a = license=20 which the legislature may grant or withhold at its=20 discretion."

State vs. Johnson, 243 P. 1073; =
Cummins vs.=20 Homes, 155 P. 171;
Packard vs. Banton, 44 S.Ct. = 256;=20
Hadfield vs. Lundin, 98 Wash 516=20

Here the court held that a Citizen has the Right to travel upon = the=20 public highways, but that he did not have the right to conduct = business=20 upon the highways. On this point of law all authorities are = unanimous.=20

"Heretofore the court has held, and we think = correctly, that=20 while a Citizen has the Right to travel upon the public highways = and to=20 transport his property thereon, that Right does not extend to = the use of=20 the highways, either in whole or in part, as a place of business = for=20 private gain."

Willis vs. Buck, 263 P. l 982; =
Barney vs.=20 Board of Railroad Commissioners, 17 P.2d 82=20

and ...=20

"The right of the citizen to travel upon the highway = and to=20 transport his property thereon, in the ordinary course of life = and=20 business, differs radically and obviously from that of one who = makes the=20 highway his place of business for private gain in the running of = a=20 stagecoach or omnibus."

State vs. City of Spokane, 186 P. 864=20

What is this Right of the Citizen which differs so "radically = and=20 obviously" from one who uses the highway as a place of business? = Who=20 better to enlighten us than Justice Tolman of the Supreme Court of = Washington State? In State vs. City of Spokane, supra, the = Court=20 also noted a very "radical and obvious" difference, but went on to = explain=20 just what the difference is:=20

"The former is the usual and ordinary right of the = Citizen,=20 a common right to all, while the latter is special, unusual, and = extraordinary."

and ...=20

"This distinction, elementary and fundamental in = character,=20 is recognized by all the authorities."

State vs. City of Spokane, supra.=20

This position does not hang precariously upon only a few cases, = but has=20 been proclaimed by an impressive array of cases ranging from the = state=20 courts to the federal courts.=20

"the right of the Citizen to travel upon the highway = and to=20 transport his property thereon in the ordinary course of life = and=20 business, differs radically and obviously from that of one who = makes the=20 highway his place of business and uses it for private gain in = the=20 running of a stagecoach or omnibus. The former is the usual and = ordinary=20 right of the Citizen, a right common to all, while the latter is = special, unusual, and extraordinary."

Ex Parte Dickey, (Dickey vs. Davis), 85 SE = 781=20

and ...=20

"The right of the Citizen to travel upon the public = highways=20 and to transport his property thereon, in the ordinary course of = life=20 and business, is a common right which he has under the right to = enjoy=20 life and liberty, to acquire and possess property, and to pursue = happiness and safety. It includes the right, in so doing, to use = the=20 ordinary and usual conveyances of the day, and under the = existing modes=20 of travel, includes the right to drive a horse drawn carriage or = wagon=20 thereon or to operate an automobile thereon, for the usual and = ordinary=20 purpose of life and business."

Thompson vs. Smith, supra.;
Teche = Lines vs.=20 Danforth, Miss., 12 S.2d 784=20

There is no dissent among various authorities as to this = position. (See=20 Am. Jur. [1st] Const. Law, 329 and corresponding Am. = Jur.=20 [2nd].)=20

"Personal liberty -- or the right to enjoyment of life = and=20 liberty -- is one of the fundamental or natural rights, which = has been=20 protected by its inclusion as a guarantee in the various = constitutions,=20 which is not derived from nor dependent on the U.S. = Constitution. ... It=20 is one of the most sacred and valuable rights [remember the = words of=20 Justice Tolman, supra.] as sacred as the right to private = property ...=20 and is regarded as inalienable."

16 C.J.S. Const. Law, Sect.202, Pg. 987=20

As we can see, the distinction between a "Right" to use the = public=20 roads and a "privilege" to use the public roads is drawn upon the = line of=20 "using the road as a place of business" and the various state = courts have=20 held so. But what have the U.S. Courts held on this point?=20

"First, it is well established law that the highways = of the=20 state are public property, and their primary and preferred use = is for=20 private purposes, and that their use for purposes of gain is = special and=20 extraordinary which, generally at least, the legislature may = prohibit or=20 condition as it sees fit."

Stephenson vs. Rinford, 287 US 251; =
Pachard=20 vs Banton, 264 US 140, and cases cited;
Frost and F. = Trucking=20 Co. vs. Railroad Commission, 271 US 592;
Railroad = commission=20 vs. Inter-City Forwarding Co., 57 SW.2d 290;
Parlett=20 Cooperative vs. Tidewater Lines, 164 A. 313=20

So what is a privilege to use the roads? By now it should be = apparent=20 even to the "learned" that an attempt to use the road as a place = of=20 business is a privilege. The distinction must be drawn between ... =

  1. Travelling upon and transporting one's property upon the = public=20 roads, which is our Right; and ...=20
  2. Using the public roads as a place of business or a main=20 instrumentality of business, which is a privilege.
"[The roads] ... are constructed and maintained at = public=20 expense, and no person therefore, can insist that he has, or may = acquire, a vested right to their use in carrying on a commercial = business."

Ex Parte Sterling, 53 SW.2d 294; =
Barney vs.=20 Railroad Commissioners, 17 P.2d 82;
Stephenson vs. = Binford,=20 supra.=20

"When the public highways are made the place of = business the=20 state has a right to regulate their use in the interest of = safety and=20 convenience of the public as well as the preservation of the=20 highways."

Thompson vs. Smith, supra.=20

"[The state's] right to regulate such use is based = upon the=20 nature of the business and the use of the highways in connection = therewith."

Ibid.=20

"We know of no inherent right in one to use the = highways for=20 commercial purposes. The highways are primarily for the use of = the=20 public, and in the interest of the public, the state may = prohibit or=20 regulate ... the use of the highways for gain."

Robertson vs. Dept. of Public Works, = supra.=20

There should be considerable authority on a subject as = important a this=20 deprivation of the liberty of the individual "using the roads = in the=20 ordinary course of life and business." However, it should be = noted=20 that extensive research has not turned up one case or authority=20 acknowledging the state's power to convert the individual's right = to=20 travel upon the public roads into a "privilege."=20

Therefore, it is concluded that the Citizen does have a=20 "Right" to travel and transport his property upon the = public=20 highways and roads and the exercise of this Right is not a=20 "privilege."=20

DEFINITIONS

In order to understand the correct application of the statute = in=20 question, we must first define the terms used in connection with = this=20 point of law. As will be shown, many terms used today do not, in = their=20 legal context, mean what we assume they mean, thus resulting in = the=20 misapplication of statutes in the instant case.=20

AUTOMOBILE AND MOTOR VEHICLE

There is a clear distinction between an automobile and a motor = vehicle.=20 An automobile has been defined as:=20

"The word `automobile' connotes a pleasure vehicle = designed=20 for the transportation of persons on highways."

American Mutual Liability Ins. Co., vs. = Chaput, 60=20 A.2d 118, 120; 95 NH 200=20

While the distinction is made clear between the two as the = courts have=20 stated:=20

"A motor vehicle or automobile for hire is a motor = vehicle,=20 other than an automobile stage, used for the transportation of = persons=20 for which remuneration is received."

International Motor Transit Co. vs. = Seattle, 251 P.=20 120=20

The term `motor vehicle' is different and broader than = the=20 word `automobile.'"

City of Dayton vs. DeBrosse, 23 NE.2d 647, = 650; 62=20 Ohio App. 232=20

The distinction is made very clear in Title 18 USC 31:=20

"Motor vehicle" means every description or other = contrivance=20 propelled or drawn by mechanical power and used for commercial = purposes=20 on the highways in the transportation of passengers, or = passengers and=20 property.
"Used for commercial purposes" means the = carriage=20 of persons or property for any fare, fee, rate, charge or other=20 considerations, or directly or indirectly in connection with any = business, or other undertaking intended for profit.

Clearly, an automobile is private property in use for private = purposes,=20 while a motor vehicle is a machine which may be used upon the = highways for=20 trade, commerce, or hire.=20

TRAVEL

The term "travel" is a significant term = and is=20 defined as:=20
"The term `travel' and `traveler' are usually = construed in=20 their broad and general sense ... so as to include all those who = rightfully use the highways viatically (when being reimbursed = for=20 expenses) and who have occasion to pass over them for the = purpose of=20 business, convenience, or pleasure."

25 Am.Jur. (1st) Highways, Sect.427, Pg. = 717=20

"Traveler -- One who passes from place to = place,=20 whether for pleasure, instruction, business, or = health."

Locket vs. State, 47 Ala. 45; =
Bovier's Law=20 Dictionary, 1914 ed., Pg. 3309=20

"Travel -- To journey or to pass through or = over; as=20 a country district, road, etc. To go from one place to another, = whether=20 on foot, or horseback, or in any conveyance as a train, an = automobile,=20 carriage, ship, or aircraft; Make a journey."

Century Dictionary, Pg. 2034=20

Therefore, the term "travel" or "traveler" = refers to=20 one who uses a conveyance to go from one place to another, and = included=20 all those who use the highways as a matter of Right.=20

Notice that in all these definitions, the phrase "for = hire"=20 never occurs. This term "travel" or "traveler" = implies,=20 by definition, one who uses the road as a means to move from one = place to=20 another.=20

Therefore, one who uses the road in the ordinary course of life = and=20 business for the purpose of travel and transportation is a = traveler.=20

DRIVER

The term "driver" in contradistinction to = "traveler,"=20 is defined as:=20

"Driver -- One employed in conducting a coach,=20 carriage, wagon, or other vehicle ..."

Bovier's Law Dictionary, 1914 ed., Pg. 940 =

Notice that this definition includes one who is = "employed" in=20 conducting a vehicle. It should be self-evident that this = individual could=20 not be "travelling" on a journey, but is using the road = as a=20 place of business.=20

OPERATOR

Today we assume that a "traveler" is a = "driver," and=20 a "driver" is an "operator." However, this is = not the=20 case.=20

"It will be observed from the language of the = ordinance that=20 a distinction is to be drawn between the terms `operator' and = `driver';=20 the `operator' of the service car being the person who is = licensed to=20 have the car on the streets in the business of carrying = passengers for=20 hire; while the `driver' is the one who actually drives the car. = However, in the actual prosecution of business, it was possible = for the=20 same person to be both "operator" and=20 "driver."

Newbill vs. Union Indemnity Co., 60 SE.2d = 658=20

To further clarify the definition of an "operator" the court = observed=20 that this was a vehicle "for hire" and that it was in the business = of=20 carrying passengers.=20

This definition would seem to describe a person who is using = the road=20 as a place of business, or in other words, a person engaged in the = "privilege" of using the road for gain.=20

This definition, then, is a further clarification of the = distinction=20 mentioned earlier, and therefore:=20

  1. Travelling upon and transporting one's property upon the = public=20 roads as a matter of Right meets the definition of a traveler.=20
  2. Using the road as a place of business as a matter of = privilege meets=20 the definition of a driver or an operator or both.

TRAFFIC

Having defined the terms "automobile," "motor vehicle," = "traveler,"=20 "driver," and "operator," the next term to define is = "traffic":=20

"... Traffic thereon is to some extent destructive,=20 therefore, the prevention of unnecessary duplication of auto=20 transportation service will lengthen the life of the highways or = reduce=20 the cost of maintenance, the revenue derived by the state ... = will also=20 tend toward the public welfare by producing at the expense of = those=20 operating for private gain, some small part of the cost of = repairing the=20 wear ..."

Northern Pacific R.R. Co. vs. Schoenfeldt, = 213 P. 26=20

Note: In the above, Justice Tolman expounded upon the key of = raising=20 revenue by taxing the "privilege" to use the public roads = "at=20 the expense of those operating for gain."=20

In this case, the word "traffic" is used in = conjunction with=20 the unnecessary Auto Transportation Service, or in other words,=20 "vehicles for hire." The word "traffic" is = another word=20 which is to be strictly construed to the conducting of business.=20

"Traffic -- Commerce, trade, sale or exchange = of=20 merchandise, bills, money, or the like. The passing of goods and = commodities from one person to another for an equivalent in = goods or=20 money ..."

Bovier's Law Dictionary, 1914 ed., Pg. = 3307=20

Here again, notice that this definition refers to one = "conducting=20 business." No mention is made of one who is traveling in his=20 automobile. This definition is of one who is engaged in the = passing of a=20 commodity or goods in exchange for money, i.e .., vehicles for = hire.=20

Furthermore, the words "traffic" and "travel" = must=20 have different meanings which the courts recognize. The difference = is=20 recognized in Ex Parte Dickey, supra:=20

"...in addition to this, cabs, hackney coaches, = omnibuses,=20 taxicabs, and hacks, when unnecessarily numerous, interfere with = the=20 ordinary traffic and travel and obstruct them."

The court, by using both terms, signified its recognition of a=20 distinction between the two. But, what was the distinction? We = have=20 already defined both terms, but to clear up any doubt:=20

"The word `traffic' is manifestly used here in = secondary=20 sense, and has reference to the business of transportation = rather than=20 to its primary meaning of interchange of commodities." =

Allen vs. City of Bellingham, 163 P. 18=20

Here the Supreme Court of the State of Washington has defined = the word=20 "traffic" (in either its primary or secondary sense) in = reference=20 to business, and not to mere travel! So it is clear that the term=20 "traffic" is business related and therefore, it is a = "privilege."=20 The net result being that "traffic" is brought under the (police) = power of=20 the legislature. The term has no application to one who is not = using the=20 roads as a place of business.=20

LICENSE

It seems only proper to define the word "license," as = the=20 definition of this word will be extremely important in = understanding the=20 statutes as they are properly applied:=20

"The permission, by competent authority to do an act = which=20 without permission, would be illegal, a trespass, or a = tort."

People vs. Henderson, 218 NW.2d 2, 4=20

"Leave to do a thing which licensor could=20 prevent."

Western Electric Co. vs. Pacent Reproducer = Corp., 42=20 F.2d 116, 118=20

In order for these two definitions to apply in this case, the = state=20 would have to take up the position that the exercise of a = Constitutional=20 Right to use the public roads in the ordinary course of life and = business=20 is illegal, a trespass, or a tort, which the state could then = regulate or=20 prevent.=20

This position, however, would raise magnitudinous = Constitutional=20 questions as this position would be diametrically opposed to = fundamental=20 Constitutional Law. (See "Conversion of a Right to a = Crime,"=20 infra.)=20

In the instant case, the proper definition of a = "license" is:=20

"a permit, granted by an appropriate governmental = body,=20 generally for consideration, to a person, firm, or corporation, = to=20 pursue some occupation or to carry on some business which is = subject to=20 regulation under the police power."

Rosenblatt vs. California State Board of = Pharmacy,=20 158 P.2d 199, 203=20

This definition would fall more in line with the "privilege" of = carrying on business on the streets.=20

Most people tend to think that "licensing" is imposed = by the=20 state for the purpose of raising revenue, yet there may well be = more=20 subtle reasons contemplated; for when one seeks permission from = someone to=20 do something he invokes the jurisdiction of the licensor which, in = this=20 case, is the state. In essence, the licensee may well be seeking = to be=20 regulated by the licensor.=20

"A license fee is a charge made primarily for = regulation,=20 with the fee to cover costs and expenses of supervision or=20 regulation."

State vs. Jackson, 60 Wisc.2d 700; 211 = NW.2d 480,=20 487=20

The fee is the price; the regulation or control of the licensee = is the=20 real aim of the legislation.=20

Are these licenses really used to fund legitimate government, = or are=20 they nothing more than a subtle introduction of police power into = every=20 facet of our lives? Have our "enforcement agencies" been diverted = from=20 crime prevention, perhaps through no fault of their own, instead = now=20 busying themselves as they "check" our papers to see that all are = properly=20 endorsed by the state?=20

How much longer will it be before we are forced to get a = license for=20 our lawn mowers, or before our wives will need a license for her=20 blender or mixer? They all have motors on them = and the=20 state can always use the revenue.=20

POLICE POWER

The confusion of the police power with the power of taxation = usually=20 arises in cases where the police power has affixed a penalty to a = certain=20 act, or where it requires licenses to be obtained and a certain = sum be=20 paid for certain occupations. The power used in the instant case = cannot,=20 however, be the power of taxation since an attempt to levy a tax = upon a=20 Right would be open to Constitutional objection. (See "taxing=20 power," infra.)=20

Each law relating to the use of police power must ask three = questions:=20

  1. "Is there threatened danger?=20
  2. Does a regulation involve a Constitutional Right?=20
  3. Is this regulation reasonable?"

People vs. Smith, 108 Am.St.Rep. 715;=20
Bovier's Law Dictionary, 1914 ed., under "Police Power" =

When applying these three questions to the statute in question, = some=20 very important issues emerge.=20

First, "is there a threatened danger" in the = individual using=20 his automobile on the public highways, in the ordinary course of = life and=20 business?=20

The answer is No! There is nothing inherently dangerous = in the=20 use of an automobile when it is carefully managed. Their guidance, = speed,=20 and noise are subject to a quick and easy control, under a = competent and=20 considerate manager, it is as harmless on the road as a horse and = buggy.=20

It is the manner of managing the automobile, and that alone, = which=20 threatens the safety of the public. The ability to stop quickly = and to=20 respond quickly to guidance would seem to make the automobile one = of the=20 least dangerous conveyances. (See Yale Law Journal, = December,=20 1905.)=20

"The automobile is not inherently = dangerous."

Cohens vs. Meadow, 89 SE 876;
Blair = vs.=20 Broadmore, 93 SE 532=20

To deprive all persons of the Right to use the road in the = ordinary=20 course of life and business, because one might, in the future, = become=20 dangerous, would be a deprivation not only of the Right to travel, = but=20 also the Right to due process. (See "Due Process," = infra.)=20

Next; does the regulation involve a Constitutional = Right?=20

This question has already been addressed and answered in this = brief,=20 and need not be reinforced other than to remind this Court that = this=20 Citizen does have the Right to travel upon the public highway by=20 automobile in the ordinary course of life and business. It can = therefore=20 be concluded that this regulation does involve a Constitutional = Right.=20

The third question is the most important in this case. "Is = this=20 regulation reasonable?"=20

The answer is No! It will be shown later in=20 "Regulation," infra., that this licensing statute is = oppressive=20 and could be effectively administered by less oppressive means.=20

Although the Fo= urteenth=20 Amendment does not interfere with the proper exercise of the = police=20 power, in accordance with the general principle that the power = must be=20 exercised so as not to invade unreasonably the rights guaranteed = by the=20 United States Constitution, it is established beyond question that = every=20 state power, including the police power, is limited by the = Fourteenth=20 Amendment (and others) and by the inhibitions there imposed.=20

Moreover, the ultimate test of the propriety of police power=20 regulations must be found in the Fourteenth Amendment, = since it=20 operates to limit the field of the police power to the extent of=20 preventing the enforcement of statutes in denial of Rights that = the=20 Amendment protects. (See Parks vs. State, 64 NE 682.)=20

"With regard particularly to the U.S. Constitution, it = is=20 elementary that a Right secured or protected by that document = cannot be=20 overthrown or impaired by any state police = authority."

Connolly vs. Union Sewer Pipe Co., 184 US = 540;=20
Lafarier vs. Grand Trunk R.R. Co., 24 A. 848; =
O'Neil vs.=20 Providence Amusement Co., 108 A. 887=20

"The police power of the state must be exercised in=20 subordination to the provisions of the U.S. = Constitution."

Bacahanan vs. Wanley, 245 US 60; =
Panhandle=20 Eastern Pipeline Co. vs. State Highway Commission, 294 US 613=20

"It is well settled that the Constitutional Rights = protected=20 from invasion by the police power, include Rights safeguarded = both by=20 express and implied prohibitions in the = Constitutions."

Tiche vs. Osborne, 131 A. 60=20

"As a rule, fundamental limitations of regulations = under the=20 police power are found in the spirit of the Constitutions, not = in the=20 letter, although they are just as efficient as if expressed in = the=20 clearest language."

Mehlos vs. Milwaukee, 146 NW 882=20

As it applies in the instant case, the language of the Fift= h=20 Amendment is clear:=20

"No person shall be ... deprived of Life, Liberty, or=20 Property without due process of law."

As has been shown, the courts at all levels have firmly = established an=20 absolute Right to travel.=20

In the instant case, the state, by applying commercial statutes = to all=20 entities, natural and artificial persons alike, has deprived this = free and=20 natural person of the Right of Liberty, without cause and without = due=20 process of law.=20

DUE PROCESS

"The essential elements of due process of law are ... = Notice=20 and The Opportunity to defend."

Simon vs. Craft, 182 US 427=20

Yet, not one individual has been given notice of the loss of = his/her=20 Right, let alone before signing the license (contract). Nor was = the=20 Citizen given any opportunity to defend against the loss of = his/her right=20 to travel, by automobile, on the highways, in the ordinary course = of life=20 and business. This amounts to an arbitrary deprivation of Liberty. =

"There should be no arbitrary deprivation of Life or = Liberty=20 ..."

Barbour vs. Connolly, 113 US 27, 31; =
Yick Wo=20 vs. Hopkins, 118 US 356=20

and ...=20

"The right to travel is part of the Liberty of which a = citizen cannot deprived without due process of law under the = Fifth=20 Amendment. This Right was emerging as early as the Magna=20 Carta."

Kent vs. Dulles, 357 US 116 (1958)=20

The focal point of this question of police power and due = process must=20 balance upon the point of making the public highways a safe place = for the=20 public to travel. If a man travels in a manner that creates actual = damage,=20 an action would lie (civilly) for recovery of damages. The state = could=20 then also proceed against the individual to deprive him of his = Right to=20 use the public highways, for cause. This process would fulfill the = due=20 process requirements of the Fifth Amendment while at the = same time=20 insuring that Rights guaranteed by the U.S. Constitution and the = state=20 constitutions would be protected.=20

But unless or until harm or damage (a crime) is committed, = there is no=20 cause for interference in the private affairs or actions of a = Citizen.=20

One of the most famous and perhaps the most quoted definitions = of due=20 process of law, is that of Daniel Webster in his = Dartmouth=20 College Case (4 Wheat 518), in which he declared that by due = process=20 is meant:=20

"a law which hears before it condemns, which proceeds = upon=20 inquiry, and renders judgment only after trial."

See also State vs. Strasburg, 110 P. 1020; =
Dennis vs. Moses, 52 P. 333=20

Somewhat similar is the statement that is a rule as old as the = law=20 that:=20

"no one shall be personally bound (restricted) until = he has=20 had his day in court,"

by which is meant, until he has been duly cited to appear and = has been=20 afforded an opportunity to be heard. Judgment without such = citation and=20 opportunity lacks all the attributes of a judicial determination; = it is=20 judicial usurpation and it is oppressive and can never be upheld = where it=20 is fairly administered. (12 Am.Jur. [1st] Const. Law, Sect. = 573,=20 Pg. 269)=20

Note: This sounds like the process used to deprive one = of the=20 "privilege" of operating a motor vehicle "for hire." It = should be=20 kept in mind, however, that we are discussing the arbitrary = deprivation of=20 the Right to use the road that all citizens have "in common."=20

The futility of the state's position can be most easily = observed in the=20 1959 Washington Attorney General's opinion on a similar issue:=20

"The distinction between the Right of the Citizen to = use the=20 public highways for private, rather than commercial purposes is=20 recognized ..."

and ...=20

"Under its power to regulate private uses of our = highways,=20 our legislature has required that motor vehicle operators be = licensed=20 (I.C. 49-307). Undoubtedly, the primary purpose of this = requirement is=20 to insure, as far as possible, that all motor vehicle operators = will be=20 competent and qualified, thereby reducing the potential hazard = or risk=20 of harm, to which other users of the highways might otherwise be = subject. But once having complied with this regulatory = provision, by=20 obtaining the required license, a motorist enjoys the privilege = of=20 travelling freely upon the highways ..."

Washington A.G.O. 59-60 No. 88, Pg. 11=20

This alarming opinion appears to be saying that every person = using an=20 automobile as a matter of Right, must give up the Right and = convert the=20 Right into a privilege. This is accomplished under the guise of=20 regulation. This statement is indicative of the insensitivity, = even the=20 ignorance, of the government to the limits placed upon governments = by and=20 through the several constitutions.=20

This legal theory may have been able to stand in 1959; however, = as of=20 1966, in the United States Supreme Court decision in Miranda, even = this=20 weak defense of the state's actions must fall.=20

"Where rights secured by the Constitution are = involved,=20 there can be no rule making or legislation which would abrogate=20 them."

Miranda vs. Arizona, 384 US 436, 491=20

Thus the legislature does not have the power to abrogate the = Citizen's=20 Right to travel upon the public roads, by passing legislation = forcing the=20 citizen to waive his Right and convert that Right into a = privilege.=20 Furthermore, we have previously established that this = "privilege"=20 has been defined as applying only to those who are "conducting = business in the streets" or "operating for-hire = vehicles."=20

The legislature has attempted (by legislative fiat) to deprive = the=20 Citizen of his Right to use the roads in the ordinary course of = life and=20 business, without affording the Citizen the safeguard of due = process=20 of law. This has been accomplished under supposed powers of=20 regulation.=20

REGULATION

"In addition to the requirement that regulations = governing=20 the use of the highways must not be violative of constitutional=20 guarantees, the prime essentials of such regulation are = reasonableness,=20 impartiality, and definiteness or certainty."

25 Am.Jur. (1st) Highways, Sect. 260=20

and ...=20

"Moreover, a distinction must be observed between the=20 regulation of an activity which may be engaged in as a matter of = right=20 and one carried on by government sufferance of = permission."

Davis vs. Massachusetts, 167 US 43; =
Pachard=20 vs. Banton, supra.=20

One can say for certain that these regulations are impartial = since they=20 are being applied to all, even though they are clearly beyond the = limits=20 of the legislative powers. However, we must consider whether such=20 regulations are reasonable and non-violative of constitutional = guarantees.=20

First, let us consider the reasonableness of this statute = requiring all=20 persons to be licensed (presuming that we are applying this = statute to all=20 persons using the public roads). In determining the reasonableness = of the=20 statute we need only ask two questions:=20

  1. Does the statute accomplish its stated goal?=20

    The answer is No!=20

    The attempted explanation for this regulation "to insure = the=20 safety of the public by insuring, as much as possible, that all = are=20 competent and qualified."=20

    However, one can keep his license without retesting, from the = time=20 he/she is first licensed until the day he/she dies, without = regard to=20 the competency of the person, by merely renewing said license = before it=20 expires. It is therefore possible to completely skirt the goal = of this=20 attempted regulation, thus proving that this regulation does not = accomplish its goal.=20

    Furthermore, by testing and licensing, the state gives the = appearance=20 of underwriting the competence of the licensees, and could = therefore be=20 held liable for failures, accidents, etc. caused by licensees. =

  2. Is the statute reasonable?=20

    The answer is No!=20

    This statute cannot be determined to be reasonable since it = requires=20 to the Citizen to give up his or her natural Right to travel=20 unrestricted in order to accept the privilege. The purported = goal of=20 this statute could be met by much less oppressive regulations, = i.e.,=20 competency tests and certificates of competency before using an=20 automobile upon the public roads. (This is exactly the situation = in the=20 aviation sector.)

But isn't this what we have now?=20

The answer is No! The real purpose of this license is = much more=20 insidious. When one signs the license, he/she gives up his/her=20 Constitutional Right to travel in order to accept and exercise a=20 privilege. After signing the license, a quasi-contract, the = Citizen has to=20 give the state his/her consent to be prosecuted for constructive = crimes=20 and quasi-criminal actions where there is no harm done and no = damaged=20 property.=20

These prosecutions take place without affording the Citizen of = their=20 Constitutional Rights and guarantees such a the Right to a trial = by jury=20 of twelve persons and the Right to counsel, as well as the normal=20 safeguards such as proof of intent and a corpus dilecti and a = grand jury=20 indictment. These unconstitutional prosecutions take place because = the=20 Citizen is exercising a privilege and has given his/her = "implied=20 consent" to legislative enactments designed to control = interstate=20 commerce, a regulatable enterprise under the police power of the = state.=20

We must now conclude that the Citizen is forced to give up=20 Constitutional guarantees of "Right" in order to exercise his = state=20 "privilege" to travel upon the public highways in the ordinary = course of=20 life and business.=20

SURRENDER OF RIGHTS

A Citizen cannot be forced to give up his/her Rights in the = name of=20 regulation.=20

"... the only limitations found restricting the right = of the=20 state to condition the use of the public highways as a means of=20 vehicular transportation for compensation are (1) that the state = must=20 not exact of those it permits to use the highways for hauling = for gain=20 that they surrender any of their inherent U.S. Constitutional = Rights as=20 a condition precedent to obtaining permission for such use=20 ..."

Riley vs. Laeson, 142 So. 619; =
Stephenson vs.=20 Binford, supra.=20

If one cannot be placed in a position of being forced to = surrender=20 Rights in order to exercise a privilege, how much more must this = maxim of=20 law, then, apply when one is simply exercising (putting into use) = a Right?=20

Hoke vs. Henderson, 15 NC 15=20

and ...=20

"We find it intolerable that one Constitutional Right = should=20 have to be surrendered in order to assert another."

Simons vs. United States, 390 US 389=20

Since the state requires that one give up Rights in order to = exercise=20 the privilege of driving, the regulation cannot stand under the = police=20 power, due process, or regulation, but must be exposed as a = statute which=20 is oppressive and one which has been misapplied to deprive the = Citizen of=20 Rights guaranteed by the United States Constitution and the state=20 constitutions.=20

TAXING POWER

"Any claim that this statute is a taxing statute would = be=20 immediately open to severe Constitutional objections. If it = could be=20 said that the state had the power to tax a Right, this would = enable the=20 state to destroy Rights guaranteed by the constitution through = the use=20 of oppressive taxation. The question herein, is one of the state = taxing=20 the Right to travel by the ordinary modes of the day, and = whether this=20 is a legislative object of the state taxation.=20

The views advanced herein are neither novel nor unsupported = by=20 authority. The question of taxing power of the states has been=20 repeatedly considered by the Supreme Court. The Right of the = state to=20 impede or embarrass the Constitutional operation of the U.S. = Government=20 or the Rights which the Citizen holds under it, has been = uniformly=20 denied."

McCulloch vs. Maryland, 4 Wheat 316=20

The power to tax is the power to destroy, and if the state is = given the=20 power to destroy Rights through taxation, the framers of the = Constitution=20 wrote that document in vain.=20

"... It may be said that a tax of one dollar for = passing=20 through the state cannot sensibly affect any function of = government or=20 deprive a Citizen of any valuable Right. But if a state can tax = ... a=20 passenger of one dollar, it can tax him a thousand = dollars."

Crandall vs. Nevada, 6 Wall 35, 46=20

and ...=20

"If the Right of passing through a state by a Citizen = of the=20 United States is one guaranteed by the Constitution, it must be = sacred=20 from state taxation."

Ibid., Pg. 47=20

Therefore, the Right of travel must be kept sacred from all = forms of=20 state taxation and if this argument is used by the state as a = defense of=20 the enforcement of this statute, then this argument also must = fail.=20

CONVERSION OF A RIGHT TO A CRIME

As previously demonstrated, the Citizen has the Right to travel = and to=20 transport his property upon the public highways in the ordinary = course of=20 life and business. However, if one exercises this Right to travel = (without=20 first giving up the Right and converting that Right into a = privilege) the=20 Citizen is by statute, guilty of a crime. This amounts to = converting the=20 exercise of a Constitutional Right into a crime.=20

Recall the Miller vs. U.S. and Snerer vs. Cullen = quotes=20 from Pg. 5, and:=20

"The state cannot diminish Rights of the = people."

Hurtado vs. California, 110 US 516=20

and ...=20

"Where rights secured by the Constitution are = involved,=20 there can be no rule making or legislation which would abrogate=20 them."

Miranda, supra.=20

Indeed, the very purpose for creating the state under the = limitations=20 of the constitution was to protect the rights of the people from=20 intrusion, particularly by the forces of government.=20

So we can see that any attempt by the legislature to make the = act of=20 using the public highways as a matter of Right into a crime, is = void upon=20 its face.=20

Any person who claims his Right to travel upon the highways, = and so=20 exercises that Right, cannot be tried for a crime of doing so. And = yet,=20 this Freeman stands before this court today to answer charges for = the=20 "crime" of exercising his Right to Liberty. As we have = already=20 shown, the term "drive" can only apply to those who are = employed=20 in the business of transportation for hire. It has been shown that = freedom=20 includes the Citizen's Right to use the public highways in the = ordinary=20 course of life and business without license or regulation by the = police=20 powers of the state.=20

CONCLUSION

It is the duty of the court to recognize the substance of = things and=20 not the mere form.=20

"The courts are not bound by mere form, nor are they = to be=20 misled by mere pretenses. They are at liberty -- indeed they are = under a=20 solemn duty -- to look at the substance of things, whenever they = enter=20 upon the inquiry whether the legislature has transcended the = limits of=20 its authority. If, therefore, a statute purported to have been = enacted=20 to protect ... the public safety, has no real or substantial = relation to=20 those objects or is a palpable invasion of Rights secured by the = fundamental law, it is the duty of the courts to so adjudge, and = thereby=20 give effect to the Constitution."

Mulger vs. Kansas, 123 US 623, 661=20

and ...=20

"It is the duty of the courts to be watchful for the=20 Constitutional rights of the citizen and against any stealthy=20 encroachments thereon."

Boyd vs. United States, 116 US 616=20

The courts are duty bound to recognize and stop the=20 stealthy encroachments which have been made upon the = Citizen's=20 Right to travel and to use the roads to transport his property in = the=20 "ordinary course of life and business." (Hadfield, = supra.)=20

Further, the court must recognize that the Right to travel is = part of=20 the Liberty of which a Citizen cannot be deprived without specific = cause=20 and without the due process of law guaranteed in the Fift= h=20 Amendment. (Kent, supra.)=20

The history of this invasion of the Citizen's Right to = use the=20 public highways shows clearly that the legislature simply found a=20 heretofore untapped source of revenue, got greedy, and attempted = to=20 enforce a statute in an unconstitutional manner upon those free = and=20 natural individuals who have a Right to travel upon the highways. = This was=20 not attempted in an outright action, but in a slow, meticulous, = calculated=20 encroachment upon the Citizen's Right to travel.=20

This position must be accepted unless the prosecutor can show = his=20 authority for the position that the "use of the road in the = ordinary=20 course of life and business" is a privilege.=20

To rule in any other manner, without clear authority for an = adverse=20 ruling, will infringe upon fundamental and basic concepts of=20 Constitutional law. This position, that a Right cannot be = regulated under=20 any guise, must be accepted without concern for the monetary loss = of the=20 state.=20

"Disobedience or evasion of a Constitutional Mandate = cannot=20 be tolerated, even though such disobedience may, at least = temporarily,=20 promote in some respects the best interests of the = public."

Slote vs. Examination, 112 ALR 660=20

and ...=20

"Economic necessity cannot justify a disregard of=20 Constitutional guarantee."

Riley vs. Carter, 79 ALR 1018;
16 = Am.Jur.=20 (2nd), Const. Law, Sect. 81=20

and ...=20

"Constitutional Rights cannot be denied simply because = of=20 hostility to their assertions and exercise; vindication of = conceded=20 Constitutional Rights cannot be made dependent upon any theory = that it=20 is less expensive to deny them than to afford = them."

Watson vs. Memphis, 375 US 526=20

Therefore, the Court's decision in the instant case must be = made=20 without the issue of cost to the state being taken into = consideration, as=20 that issue is irrelevant. The state cannot lose money that it = never had a=20 right to demand from the Sovereign People.=20

Finally, we come to the issue of public policy. It = could be=20 argued that the licensing scheme of all persons is a = matter of=20 public policy. However, if this argument is used, it too must = fail, as:=20

"No public policy of a state can be allowed to = override the=20 positive guarantees of the U.S. Constitution."

16 Am.Jur. (2nd), Const. Law, Sect. 70=20

So even public policy cannot abrogate this Citizen's Right to = travel=20 and to use the public highways in the ordinary course of life and=20 business. Therefore, it must be concluded that:=20

"We have repeatedly held that the legislature may = regulate=20 the use of the highways for carrying on business for private = gain and=20 that such regulation is a valid exercise of the police=20 power."

Northern Pacific R.R. Co., supra.=20

and ...=20

"The act in question is a valid regulation, and as = such is=20 binding upon all who use the highway for the purpose of private=20 gain."

Ibid.=20

Any other construction of this statute would render it = unconstitutional=20 as applied to this Citizen or any Citizen. The Accused therefore = moves=20 this court to dismiss the charge against him, with prejudice.=20

June 10, 1986.
This ends the legal brief.


In addition:=20

Since no notice is given to people applying for driver's (or = other)=20 licenses that they have a perfect right to use the roads without = any=20 permission, and that they surrender valuable rights by taking on = the=20 regulation system of licensure, the state has committed a massive=20 construction fraud. This occurs when any person is told that they = must=20 have a license in order to use the public roads and highways.=20

The license, being a legal contract under which the state is = empowered=20 with policing powers, is only valid when the licensee takes on the = burdens=20 of the contract and bargains away his or her rights knowingly,=20 intentionally, and voluntarily.=20

Few know that the driver's license is a contract without which = the=20 police are powerless to regulate the people's actions or = activities.=20

Few (if any) licensees intentionally surrender valuable rights. = They=20 are told that they must have the license. As we have seen, this is = not the=20 case.=20

No one in their right mind voluntarily surrenders complete = liberty and=20 accepts in its place a set of regulations.=20

"The people never give up their liberties but under = some=20 delusion."

Edmund Burke, (1784)=20

This article was submitted to us by a reader. If anyone knows = the name=20 of the author, we will gladly give credit.=20

(Isaiah 33:22) For the Lord is our judge, the Lord = is our=20 lawgiver, the Lord is our king; he will save us.

The Lawful Path     -    =20 http://lawfulpath.com

------=_NextPart_000_0046_01CAF1A6.3F2D9EE0 Content-Type: image/gif Content-Transfer-Encoding: base64 Content-Location: http://www.lawfulpath.com/img/tlp04.gif R0lGODlhKwHrAPf/AAAAAEkAAGv8JGvzFGsAAP8AAAArAFUrAIArAKorANUrAP8rAABVAFVVAIBV AKpVANVVAP9VAACAAFWAAICAAKqAANWAAP+AAACqAFWqAICqAKqqANWqAP+qAADVAFXVAIDVAKrV ANXVAP/VAAD/AFX/AGvzKKr/ANX/APv+FAAAVVUAVYAAVaoAVdUAVf8AVQArVVUrVYArVaorVdUr Vf8rVQBVVVVVVYBVVapVVdVVVfdKYACAVVWAVYCAVaqAVdWAVfeSMACqVVWqVYCqVaqqVdWqVf+q VQDVVVXVVYDVVarVVdXVVf/VVQD/VVX/VWv1X6r/VdX/Vf//VQAAgFUAgIAAgKoAgNUAgP8AgAAr gFUrgIArgKorgNUrgP8rgABVgElFiIBVgKpVgNVVgP9VgACAgFWAgICAgKqAgNWAgP+AgACqgFWq gICqgKqqgNWqgP+qgADVgFXVgIDVgKrVgNXVgP/VgAD/gFX/gID/gKr/gNX/gP//gAAAqlUAqoAA qqoAqtUAqv8AqgArqlUrqoArqqorqtUrqv8rqgBVqlVVqoBVqqpVqtVVqv9VqgCAqlWAqoCAqqqA qtWAqv+AqgCqqlWqqoCqqqqqqtWqqv+qqgDVqlXVqoDVqqrVqtXVqv/VqgD/qlX/qoD/qqr/qtX/ qv//qgAA1VUA1YAA1aoA1dUA1f8A1QAr1VUr1YAr1aor1dUr1f8r1QBV1VVV1YBV1apV1dVV1f9V 1QCA1VWA1YCA1aqA1dWA1f+A1QCq1VWq1YCq1aqq1dWq1f+q1QDV1VXV1YDV1arV1dXV1f/V1QD/ 1VX/1WvyyKr/1dX/1f//1QAA/0kA/4AA/6oA/9UA//8A/wAr/1Ur/4Ar/6or/9Ur//8r/wBV/1VV /4BV/6pV/9VV//9V/wCA/1WA/4CA/6qA/9WA//+A/wCq/1Wq/4Cq/6qq/9Wq//+q/wDV/1XV/4DV /6rV/9XV///V/wD//1X//4D//6r//9X//z8/P2tra5WVlcPDw////yH5BAEAAP8ALAAAAAArAesA QAj/AP8JHEiwoMGDCBMqXMiwocOHECNKnEixosWLGDNq3MixY7+PIEOKHPmxo8mTKFOqXMlSYb8D MGPKnEmz5kwALXPq3MmzZ0oAQAHYrBkUp8+jSJMqXWrw5VCZRplKnUq1qkanT2FGtcq1a0asWcOK HUu2rNmzaNOqHbvVa0uSNke6jQj2adu5C+HeBCoS78aXQCsC1Vq17lq1d5cCtui0qN+8MR1z/HiT quHDRK1ilfwVZGS3mznvDPkZ6WXMlY+GDuqTNGGeqxMXdn1AtkfUWW1Pjsx6rsjSX6HiHo4ZrO6K p4kfp7iZuHPcy+mmlpjcZvSmNK8Hfz6da/XsD79b/39bG6P47szL5zx/WHvrsu4Lsgfudf7rxwLt p40PGz5ys/z1pF+ASumHFoHr+ScdgI8NiN9ABp6FIHnc2RXYgwc5iGGEDNanIIYpafgghx96VyKI JomIH4lkTciSfS6i6FKHI1YIFWgnyphXUTz26OOPQAYZ41U20reekEgmqaSOTN5WpHpNYgdllFSm +OSUKFY3ZJVcEsQiWyDOt2WXXX7ZYldfjknmhmZe6eZzaq7JVD9K1mnnnXjmqeeevcnp55+ABiro oIQWaqVyhiaq6D9t3rjoo4+yFyeklGYJZqWY5vfmpmTVJRSnoNqVKUKXTTqVpH8aZuqG7enUaKhi rf9KaqtrYsUolunhZKRpsOKalK2LMVbermjGpKms2Ol6H69PItuQrbc66+WwywpobLCaqUcsSq8O JS2E1/o6p7bVmveZuKzeWu52RZq62T/o1qhuvAv92C2sQJ50b2bW9iphf+uGRyN1jlLYLo5nEjyw hznitS94DF86kYrFNuzbld/+l/DEC5toMcIHRxyrQxFe2GDHDmMM8sijzivxiiqLHFbGJ38sM3c0 c7xxphT79TB6hdlcK6g5kxyzakS3TOXPBSvt9M1wcqnq02UeHebMVEtt9co7Z321vzSTdG/RXifE tL9o/1v22my37fbbcMctd6Jt9jP33QlGjffehzr/RzbfbLf5N+Bzo0r44a6+jPji3CrO+ON/OQ75 imJXbvnlmGeu+eacd+7556DLVfbZaYvVXOlgZ11qqpJXOTXVq/tpuJyvU5qmq6Hnrjvno9EaKGWo lbQS6Whn7JnvVTet8bYAF3+qcch5uvQB8w75Lr3Nuzn4jNVfdP32CgOtL8QFbv0e+SrVbhn10Oc9 LPiaNlu+y2GfC7/6UsXuvo054z8u+uljH/PKZ7/EyS9B3fMYYbA3MenJyH+RO+D4xFcz5RFMWUHZ nQZ3Fy53mS84GMzgBkfYOZlEa3mok+BuVBjBFLLQXBSEjNAyxC+D8c8ndoJPndRmQwT1zGgWDNEH /081Q/kcaHgBE1gRZ8RAIr1wfV2DyA+JxK7WRaSJVawQ/GRoRYZMEYpRTNkTiRhGIJYRjF2sWMjU yDKdnZGMb2SjFrmWm/TEEY5pVOANoeYtKR6xgnnM1hjzV7wtorCNMBvk/9jCJ0Ou8I6CXKMesday L/IRUZesIc9QdjFFKmaJhLKkHHFGR1FVkpOl9Fsqx3NKUOJxjpkEYKVEOUlSxjKGi6JlJPc4SlMK inh9fKUt+4WvyRGTl8Y0JvEcmUzWefJrSWzm/mDZpNMwE3LLZNJ3rvm4bEKzjtJkliTFCMlwNu6Z n9yPOY/5JkcCDzPc5BswY8UXEr6znetkDuZcyP/P4cTTafPspwv/mc+CGvSgCE2oQhfK0IY69KEQ jahEyfQlu00UcK8i6EXJicmNuo1pGvVo0Kgp0rU9LKQl3SXyUvq2TyGGpYSbHUxjGsiZfrSmNg0c TnM6up3yVHU+/enTZCpUuRG1qHCj05KQ2kKBPqkxLnXqOAEqVTc5pTFVbRZKxZnVIgGmq0PEVKka SdaymvWsaDWrLEelv6EhkqJr3WRcp/fW5AVRrrisZlATeVe6qcWiUTrqA19aqNtNE6yuhCFhB2Um AyKWhzb84+94k6e+bgRPpbtTgsiKRTZRZiO16RMBnQfFCUEQmrqyngCj6dhiEnKBLnqJurbqRWr/ ddZsHRRmWJGmrNtKSYC0xW1e/Tjc3mEsnqddEG8odzzfKlcr7twt7prrrNio0SjOTU8CfyXdF5Um uxzbLhF7C97wnXC0yHwPeesHk/PqtmjJPazekDbXc1r2LdQFI4+yR1L8vvOasWHv+4rFKHix9pHp DSBsCSxeIfaWoGBxr3fRSaQHs1HC9h1gOoubxWEikcP0BTFd3jVY6CLLm9z6r45W0+HgCve+h/Qw gg/cSRgzEbjTs3DfEswuDA9Wx+HF6mPD0hh4eZDC0onWkP1T3tBGdclZUSr1JjhVjYQWypINH5Yh 29T+aiRJQ06Sk/ZyJwlhVpMfrvKEH9u/+r44/6htTTOPdRtMhjx5r26kMQ0TGz8bO1HNr91pydYM Xl3uWcMzlvFI4czlvpkWlc9CdJcVjUZKanksCo4tpCNd3ud6udLgzHNdIxcjQ89IwHMO9KjNiOdn qZbPGUL1p+nMSlFb+pYiVvWsdR3qS9+6l77ka6oXuWpOl5O7sEbvron9a+Iem6vFxvVKFx1tLra6 tdWu5Xy1XWdfB1vakqb2sjec7UNf27jP5vW2VdprY6cb2e8m97iV3e4bJzvE5z4foJmdm3paDkAm E3a5xU1pWmtVr/eGdsHVzb+Aa3PT3O5oxNE8S4ize90E/3bFE47vecN74KG0eMZVCe5Ow5Xj+v8e trzrbTuRgxrjL++2WF1ucOiskuItRzk7F85vjec83vSGec1zPVmd85fnK/c5pEw9dHje3M1+NTq6 VR50mW8c6B/3uMKVHimaM1ziF7f6z/O9c6F/HedL93rPSQ7sWofycgCv3D9RrBq4t8jfJNFaqLhJ 96NrD+GpO7vNy84pF/cUyUx1674TD6i+Mz7kiB8RnR5vbq3XSM8/dfzD/Zz57gIy3J2PfMQNb1TP x5L0cdP859HOeNVzVOyPdz24UZ9U0zcd9DyV/ci5nnjdCx72rf97yaEu1ICa3CNmor1OXZv1aSPV +G5PUXMXP1Pob7nRObX+9bM8Ue1v3+wO9f4W98EuUfGPf/CUT7/618/+9rv//QYNCAA7 ------=_NextPart_000_0046_01CAF1A6.3F2D9EE0 Content-Type: image/gif Content-Transfer-Encoding: base64 Content-Location: http://www.lawfulpath.com/img/tan.gif R0lGODdhYQBGAMQAAP///7WUhL2llL2chM69ra2cjKWUhNa9pbWchN7OvdbGtb2tnM61nMatlL2l jK2Ue869pc61lMa1nN7OtdbGrb2tlLWljOfezsa9rd7Wxr2tjNbOvd7WvdbOtcbGtQAAACwAAAAA YQBGAEAF/6B3EIrkkQlBEVKnTOvSNEomQVCCL5vUbBUFgcARJg5CiqdDmUAolAZDMhFBCBBFQoCT EC6K7A2SgTIoCWgiA9lsCAh0h0RYDFcSE8RraxQVJ0MEPx4QDEsYTxR5EmwEBxMXGQQdCwINCUIa VxgeNQk9Y3sbE2k4FBgCDARvGwpTKxRzFBAYCxcbFLkQHosqRBATChQODRILaJkTTJdhUkMSBxAW QRMTNw4ViU4Sb69DFQQMV09VhsG0C9IrJAe0K2QcTXtdAw0CLHsw4/bkDqIEUkhYY01IAxEJzkDg YgEdlmk8JAg5scBEAluCmCyqGFAFKhY3fAwI+UZCBXpxKP+Mw6FiAh06VUgsqCEvjwIOsGjlGQKh wQMFYQRI3MBgA5tjFRA4YPVkwYIK6kYwaJCBiTVKK6xNycVToMwuExxBZTCMnBdhtA4QHTIio0Yh 8gicDNPyBgxkOBY2qFAh4ZsGHUlgwhLuQgcMGN5Q2tCL1wgoeV2taOAgjrCBBAxQmJS0Qc8Sm67I U/CGpdESabwwObDgDJQOOADDtPkPXulQeVZVkE1hk5IVWhI0sCCR7pM9QDdAWICDwzUdQmtQWKCD qB4vLIaRGMfIjQImCjCQZb7rCpQ8OJgIMpRLwQINpLO/0+BDhwRaWFaN89ZXyBUhC9zliys3DHDF BgmAAsP/E3kschMF0SnhEU+PaVECBUB5wAA+LnGHmgQC4IEMDVgQ4MBmhhQjiA40LIgFIL4o4pkr a1WwgkB6PGIeDgpAYld4HUiAQSwucbBBIgqcdN8iKdzhwSYqDCPBKqmhB9KE9AywAQde8BJdgh1w pdIBGJBWxnK0JNBYN1cccd8w7kmEhiEH1LnkLzCsZ4oRrJQUEijY6cSOf0osR4AHCUyA2BUSNLTH Jb/kxcsEIw2RgAGUZHDAGYFsAFsvU7xwgwo3HMFEo1fAwAgVi0whwCUnIhBAAlweCJgPe3RwATes EeAEF02UViotQqUhEBcdSfpLMgws5YAQCEClwQSukJZH/wMXDJELmJNBMwwFFrDSgC5osEALBGBs YEkYdYIjwJZouNQaKl5soAEJr0DgAqkQVLDKBNJkMYIHGGSHxQgSMXDGBpJkEAZzg8wQH3oIkLEc d5lgqFMWGELTRiaiAtYjAQ4Tl4dy4kABjRfsYDHuEFOYeIUGZzgHFAyAOYFBgihjCBRd3XgSJgUD 46cYT0RlkQQOhahQC1k6uOSDBhfs5ukek/CwiAU0gFISWTyR4AXLgkywyhNCsIAyPQLYkMY4lCCX hYZImBxSLN7QTBkLFRTTdzeMMMiAEzLk4kQcHFzCsnJa0DFlI9/SAlQOk0xZ1BzkgKxdFyz1mAZz PH63SP8jCZikAHFPjLNpRYvsQR8JDjHFgAVhQHFNoFNI4MAUzQrg0qEH9OLOMA0cQN8BO00ujgpz EGABhrABUi8DCeASxxQYcG0uFgnCnJfJ14iN9hXMceFBOJCEyQFL4lAvwa4Oy8KB90fe544EAYwr tSFqQiaAHad5QgdGcCQYuKQsyFkBlcqiHDtA4X8QykEWuNCI6eTAOZbqARH88ywdEAADCJAIFqYE DwY1QQeR28MgcrAIY8ilDVB4mZTuIwKNxQIKYeAL5pBFiww4QUrjwo8s/CM9ph2DVjdAFgYus4ol 0Uo5nMJDiZ4AmDMkagMD4A4tdiYPJ/SCeewY1bl+YYz/EziBAXbwwQOo0COHlQoLRLsDC+p0AoHQ Q0KyWA5eYqAQFYynGwyABAYqYJ2HsCd6TRDElFzimY9gYWfi8IICdpcFepRiFyO8wRlGwIMhaGAA iToYPYzUBhaYUoHqOs8j4LEKcx2BOhOQDReOZAcEfLIOB6mDmYbwgugBJR+NmEoDNOApc41OhaDA UKK6EIbl5EUI/yDHF8QhjUZkoCQBmQB9WEWG+zRgJqVLV/jyAIoynHFTddBFv/RljDccoEWGTIMv SsC1caShDgYohIXcsKLU/M4zezAGkpJnH5Dk4n+wg4BvGFWGJWbiGAuYnxtitocUPOEAAjAZNLYE GHao/wQk1dvAP16gCy8UQzlgOIpEFgSIs71hAArMDwu4oAUOlCETwTDgEM43k3KQQB5x9OEKHPCo 80BGCGkzQakAxgoo0KIDHNABBNb3ABxckgIXWISnDgDV8CDqEdSUSwSidAOHrSx4HrhEmhB0EuSR Llw1yIcK6COpQEKJJRXhQCIepQUlAOIVJQgDXUanMVo5IA3XhNwM3sCcrYGVaAyYgzASEKRNSLID ODWGVZvZEyH5BzBPkMvY8DCMRMBDbOGwZSIOcM+dPEE5xSErPBoAgxRgaH4tQwANlICBUV2BEljI xSRYMT+gtA4J3tqpAywQJAiMlQ2vLRGGSsO6tcCpYP9yHcgVOgDK9eUgYIdKBBzbAoEBeEAeT1mP 2EiAhooM5IB/WcXPGMCBMJHAGhUwwEDm140MRFO8+FoeT9jXgQr4oBEL6C3JWrCKAeqgjmtwRRaU 0zHckCwsrVPZQNxAhkxMwmLefAASEMCAC6TAPhHwBATa0gEYKGEJDCAkT26gstfoAnnBuMANyiRF iUgSQgrQcUBySL0gSaMMX3JHG9aXB0sciFojTFLB6kXZJ6xvBtJdJ4Z2EqRfEuk+4g1HjyySgJ4G CF80dq4HMnBPDF10nBPQ6xqW1QQvGAOmUq0DK66Vgx8MZw3/kIh6xNEFuEEnA86ZQESWBKIIOAUM S2D/EBuAc4VxSDEHCnDhuLJ3qCTAAz+Z8AAyDuiAiG5Av04o3Xrcmy0FC8u3v6XDVHZQaZKhQFVp mcOJwlSsJGQrZtDoNEvIwAZEJUQMu2ECWUqA2S5B6poc2wAXsjgAI1naaTZC4yOk1ijsRk0Q2nkE m1WosBgtAkM+zFQPrlCBCCRIhU1oGh3W3YAOrOQAVeFlIRokCKqMYMU5kOtx8iSRDEwCQxAbY07B e4eOnbYEJugYBEJoW2CcCAk9wYIdGCQBmr3B3uxVYb+m2xvV/G4Ug/riIFMhjDkMqQlBehWU1YOf D85zpaX5YJAcFsRXWMNFmWBBoKmXgYrRirMEoFkp/9JCMgooCQFsNlEAxqqQhYTWV48KoXZCUYJT 7sEL6phCMDRekVX8ZkP32UMBlLqQlX4HuqQZ0jkAWhai6Q4/yOAJIEhGDzus4RQPlYaB5UKHFWQV u19nwDXhZAifocU8NcCBOx3uQyo64JpQoPAgAjlJtvyjB4Or5BqIBgqMR/I/D2RVkNKQJ54gADYM inzsY7GeBkTgfnbYEMC7hEaC4cHOft0daY6grzYlaippOIEsVmCLzfnxIe7wxCNM4oGdcMUoObBP DrCjiBZq2LSp8SCAhlAGiWRLXyahIHttMRNauMSM07lB192h4McgBmrYPcRZkGuAqQYvDL+jeWSC AP9C4QVDwgqAcA6UMAwcMQ4OIAAG5gAaoAu0MgQusAeDUwabIQRcgAOUhSECgASJEkah8Hrb0wuA AEXN0wEaIgapMyp3oHknoQMbIhfX0BOH4HQ/sIDJ0QMGdoPjUggsYQwDAgEFgAy9BRSNMghOkzaQ FAO5sFejghkasACw0RBzAAqbZACl4B7zoB2eQS0sBFUO83fiYBCJsgaYMQb/01v+0nGmlCB2kA+e MgeZJgBFYC4KYyEVQB83Am6SgICqdDJCggEF8CIq0AkpECSFABUjFEKUYAIOkwFixwBrZCEJQQAR 8A4qIFUXMmOeIVow4wcloBwuFGcgQgUQ5i/hIgz/S3E3oNAkz8AcpDEMR0CJZBBZLnY2VGIu8oBv dcAIeadLWWADM5EHBkcBQGUeiZJp6CA8uBJSsHEf1PN2biBUDrAUB0BJbkQdV6IDGjOE+jI/oeUf /9cFN+AB7+cZF6AvwdgsyrgBEfAT+fBw9zUd+HEMjEE9X+cC+BMBFpAaQ5AncYZGPYEO9BBrylQG xOhd6qgCJ1ACzFEA8HEBnpGKUOAw9hAiJIOLO1FNDfI7gmBim7ERDREKvPAtvaAoWEcgQ1ImWfAD OKRby9ElUyUYqsES3NEGuJBsJmZGYcBmujIII8UBdHQRmKULUzBchiCEm0FwLBNKDIIM8leSx9B1 /x4wAw2WTLVQeQm2JaXzAkMwE9aABgNRc1zBAVxiAfYAGUn3TUMGMOThCIOGA2ewAOFiCIuxYrRA O+fCgpmGY07wb2QQI9IHFLE4Qr7iQWZDL1Oyd1LVl69ocAbDCioyZUOgWdAQIo4ECnkBR0QZEzgi DiGSLWNzXsvzW8a1kyxTJxgwLr+FFLBBKrDVEWYzNj/gEjcpARGQBWdALTZiJE2AXVjQC2MzJc1I KNjhAp6SCOVxCauwjfKkE79ggQjzDUESZ+6HA+7ABLARM99ABQpVABVgA+cTEE43EGcAVr5yIQzQ CWlzKuoUJE/RN3sAGd1XQwMTWTslOjtSMKEAk/9hgwGclHZCkgUNN0KLEA7T9SdC5xH/ASI64jRg FQ3rFCXTQVlY4BIqowLVVEm0UBSCxUvH8Vs45g52gItEgSxCkAeBdobB0R6VxxODM0Z9MQdko2er UgK74QmpKGZE8wRCqAjh4zKAxJcKIABj5kPh8Sqz4BHFsWLyEBdvcAISMADRdG0rdiiN1xOAwZX/ sSBJJAwQsBTlkAHA8kEJpqQ+0AAIUAOVIQCwgQBVFWz2EX0g4wvngWNoU4iN1wAwlQu1uWJCgDyF 0BqJQhkpphNNlBwqlDOxYCS+wQo2MgLfoinoI08Wg37J8kHmIAjAMUBYgCnIYSHtGBBUsSDTIAv/ K6EYQjRPpvQQoFimFoAAWWWBrxBVc2gIFrB2pXUMp6AcpzAlijmbCiY1i+cwz/GDzvRQq6Qm0RCK OGBgSUFOzUOsaupNSIALL8IooGUHE2ABP6Eu6IBuaDElASc5PXENxjlsLOAZCkAfk5RV5EA0aUQO OCAUNygA3XMDsNEDy4ArcCKswkE0a4QTaKMLk6QrNEZUsNMWvbACQrEpkrQOEIQ5q9SZoQMRyJAJ ESA1RMAOXAJxgXVNThCQNtUGWqBC4cEcLFMWVOGbCjVL5fQFopZxGpgXDKBbLFCQjaVxTIEG1XcM K3BeCHk0M9Ux+OBDjGEGrFOmmBQlwVZo8JoF/zDgKSCyoPfZLw0iIfCWB0Z5KNiKBx9FC0thlCs2 hflgCP/zAjtAGsehISfwBnk0N/zmBhdQMKUgEXjJZkiSLQiCHL9QPWVQLSvTDQQgFPlxBjZ5KNPx PFMBoUESEDsyOqRhDFpAOudSCxjqjM7EUifhqvnyD2sbCdXHic0CcBtaiz3RAREQAbaQCQhySrVF jbVQJkJyA0Fgh8xhAx3XJZjRSgpjEs9DBV2iAgVgRkSYLWlkGBXBC1DwANbAZc2zBwXjDo9AWYVA CvHHncxRJmTyYUFHQoVwTD8UFsMXJMs3DV4waxHwHY/wLFWJLs4VZ9YCob8kLG5LQkPQWydQaFZt 0CBpZyLcwDqaGAzIgIbZkgSOi7G8CTeWohJKuGaGQLTC0WWlg6C/UALPRAlnACNnKER5ED5OMGAt s11l+oGM5sEqpgE2UAFBgllkYVoxQip9QQEhAAA7 ------=_NextPart_000_0046_01CAF1A6.3F2D9EE0 Content-Type: image/jpeg Content-Transfer-Encoding: base64 Content-Location: http://www.lawfulpath.com/img/paper3.jpg /9j/4AAQSkZJRgABAQEASABIAAD//gAXQ3JlYXRlZCB3aXRoIFRoZSBHSU1Q/9sAQwAIBgYHBgUI BwcHCQkICgwUDQwLCwwZEhMPFB0aHx4dGhwcICQuJyAiLCMcHCg3KSwwMTQ0NB8nOT04MjwuMzQy /9sAQwEJCQkMCwwYDQ0YMiEcITIyMjIyMjIyMjIyMjIyMjIyMjIyMjIyMjIyMjIyMjIyMjIyMjIy MjIyMjIyMjIyMjIy/8AAEQgAhgCLAwEiAAIRAQMRAf/EABgAAQEBAQEAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAEAAgMH /8QANRABAAICAQMDAwEGBQQDAAAAAQIRACESMUFRAyJhEzJxQiMzQ1KRoVNigbHwcoKD4XPB0f/E ABcBAQEBAQAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAABAgP/xAAUEQEAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAA/9oADAMBAAIRAxEA PwD3KC6pa/8AkvWUXZfqPS39pe8mfNQjLWu3gcqrayv/AKB75ybDJkASY2O+YtJmvctBKv8AT4zL 0ovsNemZU3uthQw+MDVSerrxEG+2XGVeH8dNZnjbqMG3b9F6XlKJsSDsv9no/vgaqRGiNqmuP4yL LvjV9CHVvMMIIXD0+uj6bf8AvjUeU6+mA19j5/OA3K4qo8d+8P7ZKjuaJXX1MOUIwSIblXtA7fOX e3kf9o30wNLRXJdVbM1rAZVfKTJ8VrXb+mWh6q3X7s84VJje+pt9P8nbA1Uw8d91lGDZ161yQ31z KGnjF7l+kvjEjXFSB7v8L/3gMYy0/BVx+MPcN8Q6u476mZIR68PTHvfpv/7lxgRiRh6e5P8ADd4G m6kdI129u7y51plIfieQwPVF4Lb0jmOfKnjLZfZwOiaY8nY28KwZWNK3f3Ra7ORFim2fHrcKP+by 91T1VADTowJQBePlWCVvAYkluPXw/OUlqbyuo97/ADm14v3dG+vV/wCOBiUhl7pQo6+5+MZcQQYe PuTY5MpLH3lXpZbe3TK2Ug5Equ3nWAcve8X0r8ym/wC2RMReXpPR/ePjNRkmx+037jffAkBE5cuP X+n4wGtXyHrQHLBkb90nV0R+POSSsk+o7iAEL3165U1GHGiwdPTAr3JeL3rg4XGwuGpPZ1vGTKV3 KlaresRplSdUNutXgZZHELidtqb3kcOOmF+eS5rnIjUZXXmVBXz/AK4CkAZjZQc8AWPUfTTku5v9 cudyLn6PU0eo664l6L9yAe+68/7Y86nufYCkv+tfOAR9zqUArdSX+2Td6i1/01lUpwYxnx0Wkbvz l7u0p12qOAEYwuokfyt9sq9kuUnt09RvTkqDHV8ron8HXNOpMnkm98je8AlZKSyaug+p8ZBqVux2 sr7Y1SPqKe4eLSunDlKUWVSp3bE8YFayk3qNl8TyYlV0k3x3R5cL2hastHA+MS7Ga9TQH8zgDy4y akCa6We3EXURaJN3mEZQqK9OoHjNpUa93V/SW4GWIkZS20Uyvxi7lfIIm/vTvkNEJFANWtdsKZQf u765nxvAU3ROX3tv1MDbF3V0HP4zZcp65ER6qJmYuoR9PlIDqB13vAJWHGNW2dDxmrOb1aTQB3w7 ltf9h4xuT5Iu9xB+4wItqiVX/beEZJO7kPazprxlYIRu+2jy5QilqydXuJ4wKmRTySiz+uY4nbiH wLnSP3MS1e8gP75Rn7I/tA0aJfGAJXKiUl8NvTw48XnaSK5fpGqrBjHkBHtdV+TCUCJuJVSqNO+m BWjbHoxr2W98kBjfWunB8Zo9roLXtJ84IRZKvJl15PzgVr7RXz7HwYFSlRda/hNaceRaDQy23Les OXQDVdbkd8CtYeBv+G/OO770O69JPGMOPtqwJIR5ScwOuU26iLcnr4MDVWbVD1Hr7TCQyjJ4zpHq G9ZpIltFktUL3w+mcWokailpvpgMhJ0F7OsNG8yAxewat9N7KZVHkpEo2NpfTNVbBboWgk9b64GR IxEXpq4PjKTR+q3f7tvqYkonB206tdFOHL2r1kx8y74DskFX1f3b5wL63a9/pPWsRGd7JIl8paMG 2IC8ajRydu8DUbJw3LpK/YnjvjAIwCun+fA4vQi0pdr46ZEgsiaFNQMAKW6/0PUMzxJUBItvXqdk /wDWbfb02nwddZHOxqYdPsP/AKwCTX8z1SJM69sVST912vU1/wAvAjID2zuu3pnWsNC+3oG2D4MD RKV+2XqSaD4Muci25XfUN9Myt9XV0H0Xzi3SGiyv2b4wFlNgr6kz5ImsIsth6ku36OheErSrjpun 05V2xesjm6dhCXnAmXJLWksuQP8ATD2iaaD/ABPNmaI1B2auIEar+uDzWokq+ImqcCiMYdZDXf1L XXTIfbZzIl08i5avKpLdTvQX6Zg6NwlWjcO1fGUPKimUzZqOa5TZHIlv9KfGZWkCo/8AiXxlFLix vcuv03IEnNfvmFHY8YMkmr6s+uzj89MIqV7g/wDFLIsie4NocYS+MDTKRGRyVN7CJlGVGlr49QyI 3NOXVRuDf99ZmQrYtf6YF9OJcmCqKDH4xlEB9rE+b8/GRyUWM431UfnD2louo+W1TAmMNLssoR6X kVzqzWqL+cpyol7mNF3zV65rogyl1v7um8DLKPIBFfM384yQ5XKN6fudbylOmuc7as5FmspeotBN LVpmYAygNS9SIH6STblzj7n6htt93xeajNJD9SW9u44RZsI36kxkdZEdawMkSZ+qVKv6t1muMd16 bXwfBkzZJHh6kirutN/jBBC1ZIRC2hwFIrLbQ26l5zIQiAUW1dO94ykVKmSdB5u9Yj7pPOWl6Srx rAlgQLl27ykZcvaSZRC71J85EiMS5zKS/cV31lH1PbfOXRVZAYBcY374x2l8nR4yJweIepdPXk7c iUkv6j0u+Q5olJn989A/p+e+BnkMj38nwSvf4zL6UI0J0A3Gs39SUYLc5qFEQav8ZUXv0p4AXbzY L8LrpkSsnxI3r+J89cuZxWMuj2lVGs08lY/p3rkecAZbnG6Kq31PjJlKQvTfQeXYx905UDuW3Xzk /qeMi/8AKdKwLpOjnq19o98gnfJtddQ8uAff7Zblt4/jIiSkVBTQqfLgWwmArXav5ca/m5Wu99Mz ID09ekutAfGa4oXwldtFdMDMmSR6RiBYrbrprFkEgqOnrzSt46jwi6ap7LrDlPio73vka6YEyTt+ uqPU/oZcllVnW15j2zVpM6/deqcIxSHp8ot/c6NadYGVSLJZLT+nNpNkRGVCXYecylyisZO9e3vW SHJuMlW9n+YwHdxvzXQ+cts/dyIn43rxkR40sG+q1+czCNr+zlEL7fGAi08TbW113zFh1Iye77t5 0CrWNFAWZDFjF90rDZL4wD3SZXTWyNj2yTlKuPm6iN7MpRlLUqTuI1Xy4bO0bqW6QOmA61E9oVZG P5zJAAIwNlrxb6ZoI9HiRU6STo5dW+kBoPqPzgSR1ZJbUEfjKqQ4uq6Rf5svaLaMrAObrRgcYoqM qf4kjvgVRIul8PB8Y6aOLt/lfjKMftjq7qSeo/0wEkiaE5b9SWA7IBH2nNFdf75SOMU4jprR4xBL pPuV6vf5zHHjBuMbYtgNrWBsqErY0qb4Uu8zGJqScpAfdF+cX95bwsRdugrIooh1VZP1HzgQUCkh q9D4yojHUGtH2tuzAiVAWiwfet6cHhItQhx0fUcBIjIseq1wXu5Cb9rVfyPSsdM79qBQfUVXBoiH cBX6kqL1lGoAepGRFtHtWELYHL1C67SMQ90UkXsDlJ8ZqN8d2vxDIOb+8piPbr+cPUnKMRYlWlEk 7GWWBpkkuNb5N711HBmM5Dem3eWWBE4skv1Cokvu8ma9sY81nQ0e7fnLLAx9f04w5ftEj7qXrmfr enwmX6hQDVZZYG5TJ2F1e7fnE5cSoxBG9vhyywMw9T2ckS7NS30M0+pUYqPVdPlvLLAyzjA3zWKG pVtzYEpEBn43L4yywM/W9OMtfVs+fOZ+v6ZKqnqRH81llgaPVg8qZrybvE475Qtt3y+cssD/2Q== ------=_NextPart_000_0046_01CAF1A6.3F2D9EE0--