A Look at City Council Size around the = Country

May 3rd, 2010 5:05pm CDT

10=20 Comments

As the Memphis & Shelby County Metropolitan Government Charter = Commission=20 discusses the ideal number of members that should sit on the legislative = body of=20 the proposed metropolitan government, I thought it would be interesting = to study=20 the size of city councils and county commissions around the country.

In this post, I=92ll focus on city councils of the primary cities of = the 50=20 largest metropolitan areas in the nation; my next post will look at = their county=20 commissions.

The table below is ordered by metropolitan area, from largest in = population=20 to smallest (using 2009 estimates from the US Census Bureau). Only = the=20 primary city for each metropolitan area is studied. As is = indicated in the=20 far-right column, the percentage of the metropolitan population living = in the=20 primary city varies widely =96 from just 7% in Miami and Riverside = (Calif.) to 65%=20 in San Antonio. Memphis is actually one of only four cities in = this list=20 where the majority of the metropolitan population lives within the city = limits=20 of the primary city.

The population for each city and the number of members on its = legislative=20 body (which I will hereafter uniformly refer to as =93city council,=94 = regardless of=20 its actual name) are indicated to determine the ratio of = resident-per-council=20 seat. Not surprisingly, the largest city councils in the country = are in=20 two of the three largest cites: New York and Chicago, with 51 and 50 = members,=20 respectively. But the ratios range from one council person for = every=20 255,000 residents in Los Angeles to one for every 11,000 in = Providence. At=20 about one council person per 51,000 residents, Memphis is close to the = average=20 for these cities, which is one per 65,000.

No two city councils in these cities are alike. For example, in = some=20 cities, the mayor is actually a member of the legislative body and not = the chief=20 of a separate executive branch. For these cities, I did not = include the=20 mayor in the calculation of council members to allow for a clearer=20 comparison.

Some cities still employ the city commission form of government; = Portland=20 elects four commissioners to act as heads of various municipal=20 departments. Some cities have at-large seats. For example, = New=20 Orleans elects five council people from districts and its council = president and=20 vice-president at-large. All of the council seats in Detroit and = Seattle=20 are at-large, although Detroit recently voted to end this practice in = 2013 and a=20 similar movement is afoot in Seattle. Memphis has a unique take on = at-large districts, electing six of its thirteen council members from = two=20 =93super-districts.=94 Kansas City has a somewhat similar = approach: it elects=20 two members from each of its six large districts. Perhaps the most = unique=20 of all city councils was the one in Seattle from 1890-1896, where there = was a=20 bicameral council made up of a lower House of Delegates and an upper = Board of=20 Aldermen!

Cities with consolidated city-county forms of government typically = have very=20 large councils. This is the result of the combination of two = legislative=20 bodies into one. My next post will look at the size of the 50 = primary=20 cities=92 county bodies, if one exists.

		2009	Council	Ratio	At-large	Metro pop
	City	city pop	seats	pop/seat	seats	in city
1	New York	8,363,710	51	163,994	0	44%
2	Los Angeles	3,833,995	15	255,600	0	30%
3	Chicago	2,853,114	50	57,062	0	30%
4	Dallas	1,279,910	14	91,422	0	20%
5	Philadelphia	1,547,297	17	91,017	7	26%
6	Houston	2,242,193	14	160,157	5	38%
7	Miami	413,201	5	82,640	0	7%
8	Washington, DC	591,833	13	45,526	5	11%
9	Atlanta	537,958	15	35,864	3	10%
10	Boston	609,023	13	46,848	4	13%
11	Detroit	912,062	9	101,340	all	21%
12	Phoenix	1,567,924	8	195,991	0	36%
13	San Francisco	815,358	11	74,123	0	19%
14	Riverside	293,761	7	41,966	0	7%
15	Seattle	598,541	9	66,505	all	18%
16	Minneapolis	382,605	13	29,431	0	12%
17	San Diego	1,279,329	8	159,916	0	42%
18	St. Louis city	354,361	28	12,656	0	13%
19	Tampa	332,888	7	47,555	3	12%
20	Baltimore	636,919	15	42,461	1	24%
21	Denver	598,707	13	46,054	2	23%
22	Pittsburgh	312,819	9	34,758	0	13%
23	Portland	557,706	4	139,427	all	25%
24	Cincinnati	332,252	9	36,917	all	15%
25	Sacramento	463,794	8	57,974	0	22%
26	Cleveland	433,748	21	20,655	0	21%
27	Orlando	220,186	6	36,698	0	11%
28	San Antonio	1,351,305	10	135,131	0	65%
29	Kansas City	451,572	12	37,631	0	22%
30	Las Vegas	558,383	6	93,064	0	29%
31	San Jose	948,279	10	94,828	0	52%
32	Columbus	754,885	7	107,841	all	42%
33	Charlotte	687,456	11	62,496	4	39%
34	Indianapolis	798,382	29	27,530	4	46%
35	Austin	757,688	6	126,281	all	44%
36	Virginia Beach	433,746	10	43,375	3	26%
37	Providence	175,255	15	11,684	0	11%
38	Nashville-Davidson	596,462	41	14,548	6	38%
39	Milwaukee	604,477	15	40,298	0	39%
40	Jacksonville	807,815	19	42,517	5	61%
41	Memphis	669,651	13	51,512	0	51%
42	Louisville-Jefferson	557,224	26	21,432	0	44%
43	Richmond	192,913	9	21,435	0	16%
44	Oklahoma City	551,789	8	68,974	0	45%
45	Hartford	124,512	9	13,835	all	10%
46	New Orleans	223,388	7	31,913	2	19%
47	Birmingham	229,424	9	25,492	0	20%
48	Salt Lake City	178,858	7	25,551	0	16%
49	Raleigh	392,552	7	56,079	2	35%
50	Buffalo	276,059	9	30,673	0	25%

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10 Comments

Steve=20 Steffens (LWC) says:

May=20 3, 2010 at 5:54 pm

Large, multi-member districts make it difficult to run for office = without=20 raising large sums of money for mailers, signs, etc. This means that=20 large-money donors can maintain an unhealthy amount of control in the=20 process.

25-30 single-member districts would mean it would be cheaper and = easier to=20 run, and make candidates less dependent on money for campaigns. Plus, = it=20 brings the Councilors closer to their districts.
Zippy the giver says:

May=20 4, 2010 at 5:59 am

Exactly how much do mailers and signs cost?

The difference I can attest to about city councils putting Memphis = against=20 NYC is that in NYC, you can get something done with your city council = people=20 even if hey don=92t show up to a meeting, here, you can get them to = show up=20 sometimes, only to hear them say they can=92t get anything done, = especially=20 getting speed bumps on streets children with drug houses.
Scott=20 Banbury says:

May=20 4, 2010 at 8:33 am

We a greater number of districts that are based on a sense of = place. What=20 we have now is regular districts that haphazardly overlap numerous = distinct=20 neighborhoods and super districts that sprawl all the way across the = city=20 following antiquated red lines.
Smart City=20 Memphis says:

May=20 4, 2010 at 4:11 pm

Amen, Steve. And smaller, community-based, concise districts allow = more=20 people to know their reps and in Louisville, for example, it has = created=20 council members in the neighborhoods which leads to people with = problems=20 knowing exactly who to hold accountable =96 that person down the = block.
Gene Pearson says:

May=20 6, 2010 at 1:19 am

I read somewhere recently that costly, at-large contests have a = natural=20 screening process wherein business and civic groups hold candidates=20 accountable to community-wide standards, thus eliminating some of the = =93idiots=94=20 who run for office in small district contests.
Interested Observer = says:

May=20 6, 2010 at 9:38 am

eliminate the idiots and you won=92t have a need for = council/commission=20 elections.
Zippy the giver says:

May=20 10, 2010 at 7:54 am

Ha ha, too true!
Smart City=20 Memphis says:

May=20 11, 2010 at 10:37 pm

How about if we have more and smaller districts so more people can = campaign=20 for these seats? The present system produces the power of incumbency = that=20 attracts expensive campaigns that the regular citizens can=92t afford. = With=20 smaller and more districts, old-fashioned shoe leather campaigns could = actually work.
John says:=20

May=20 12, 2010 at 3:54 pm

Having lived in a city with no at-large seats, I am a little afraid = of=20 splitting the pie up too much. What often happens is that the = administration=20 nickels & dimes out resources to each district to keep them all = happy. No=20 one ever votes on priorities for the city as a whole. The at-large = seats allow=20 the smaller districts to have a strong voice while allowing some = reasonable=20 distribution of resources to meaningful projects vs. everybody getting = their=20 little peice even if it is meaningless and may have no impact on their = neighborhood.
Zippy the giver says:

May=20 16, 2010 at 11:00 am

I=92m sure there is a successful model out there that addresses all = these=20 concerns.
I suggest we look for it,
make sure it is backed by = non=20 sandbagged statistics,
and implement it.

About Smart City Memphis

This is the blog by Smart City Consulting and = its=20 opinions are informed by our work in Memphis and other cities on a = variety of=20 issues affecting urban success. Smart City Memphis was named one of = the most=20 intriguing blogs in the U.S. by the Pew Partnership for Civic Change. = Our=20 intent is to "connect the dots" on events, issues, and policies that = shape=20 Memphis and its future, and to frame Memphis issues in a national = context. The=20 blog's editor is Tom Jones, principal at Smart City Consulting and an=20 editorial contributor at Memphis magazine, where he writes the monthly = column,=20 City Journal. Send blog posts, ideas, suggestions, and emails to=20 tjones@smartcityconsulting.com.

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